Cell Biology Worksheet - GCSE - Beginner

Cell Biology worksheet for GCSE (Key Stage 4 / GCSE (Ages 14-16)). Beginner level science practice, aligned to the UK National Curriculum. Print-ready with answer key included.

Science•Key Stage 4 / GCSE (Ages 14-16)•Cell Biologybeginner

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Cells Under the Microscope

GCSE Biology | Ages 14–16 | Beginner

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Instructions: Work through the activities in order. Use the information and data provided, show calculation steps where appropriate, and use precise biological terms in your answers.

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Use the word bank to complete each statement. Read each description carefully and choose the most suitable term. Each word may be used once.

Word bank: eukaryotic, prokaryotic, nucleus, plasmid, cytoplasm

1. Animal and plant cells are __________ because their DNA is enclosed in a nucleus.

2. Bacterial cells are __________ and do not have a nucleus.

3. The region of a bacterial cell that contains its main DNA is the __________.

4. A small ring of additional DNA found in some bacterial cells is a __________.

5. The jelly-like material where many cell reactions happen is the __________.

Compare Cell Structures

Study the completed comparison table. Answer each question using evidence from the table and your knowledge of cell structures.

Feature	Eukaryotic cell	Prokaryotic cell
Nucleus	Present	Absent
Main DNA	Inside the nucleus	Free in the cytoplasm
Cell membrane	Present	Present
Typical size	Usually larger	Usually smaller

1. Which type of cell has DNA enclosed inside a nucleus?

2. State one feature shown in the table that both cell types share.

3. Describe one difference between where the main DNA is found in the two cell types.

Microscopy: Magnification and Units

Write your answer in the box below.

Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

Put the stages in order by writing the letters in the boxes. Then answer the short-answer questions. Remember: mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

A. The cell divides into two daughter cells.

B. The DNA is copied.

C. The chromosomes are separated to opposite ends of the cell.

1. Write the correct sequence of letters for these stages.

2. How many daughter cells are produced by mitosis?

3. Describe one reason why organisms need mitosis.

Transport in Cells

Use the word bank to complete the statements. Link each process to the movement of particles or water described. Each word may be used once.

Word bank: diffusion, osmosis, active transport, concentration gradient

1. The net movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration is __________.

2. The net movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution is __________.

3. The movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy is __________.

4. The difference in concentration between two regions is called a __________.

Apply Your Knowledge: Cell Transport

Read each situation and identify the transport process. For the final question, explain your reasoning using the information given and the correct biological terms.

1. Oxygen moves from a region of higher concentration outside a cell to a region of lower concentration inside it. Name the process.

2. Water moves into a cell through its partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution. Name the process.

3. Mineral ions move into a root hair cell from a more dilute solution in the soil, using energy. Name the process.

4. Explain why active transport requires energy, referring to the direction particles move relative to their concentration gradient.

Answer Key

Activity 1: eukaryotic ; prokaryotic ; cytoplasm ; plasmid ; cytoplasm

Activity 2: Eukaryotic cell ; Cell membrane ; In eukaryotic cells the main DNA is inside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells it is free in the cytoplasm.

Activity 3: ×300 ; 60 µm ; 0.05 mm ; ×600

Activity 4: B, C, A ; Two ; Mitosis enables growth or the replacement and repair of damaged cells.

Activity 5: diffusion ; osmosis ; active transport ; concentration gradient

Activity 6: diffusion ; osmosis ; active transport ; Active transport moves particles against the concentration gradient, from lower to higher concentration, and requires energy.